Mélissa Barkat-Defradas
Research Scientist
Surprisingly, the study of language activity has long been conducted without any questioning of its biological function. In fact, the Human and Social Sciences (anthropology, linguistics) have long defended the idea that language appeared without any selective pressure. In this paradigm, the human being - defined as a fundamentally cultural being with few instinctive behaviors - would have "invented" articulated language (as well as writing). In this purely culturalist conception, the question of the raison d'être of language behavior has long been evacuated from scientific investigation in favor of the extensive study of the proximal and sensorimotor mechanisms that underlie it. However, asking the question of the ultimate causes of human language makes it possible to raise original questions and to answer questions that are still pending. My research aims to demonstrate that the synergy of approaches developed in linguistics and evolutionary biology can significantly advance our knowledge of this specifically human faculty. Trained as a linguist, my research interests include:(1) The study of the voice as an honest signal allowing the speaker to display - via certain vocal characteristics - his phenotypic quality and increase his reproductive success(2) The study of linguistic and genetic proximity. Following the work initially led by the geneticist L. Cavalli-Sforza, I study the genetic diversity of Arab populations in order to better understand the linguistic variability of the Arabic-speaking domain.(3) The study of the role of the family in the transmission of socially valued linguistic forms, which posits that language skills - different according to the social affiliation of individuals - participate in the social structuring of human populations.129 documents
- Françoise Dufour, Catherine Rouby, Fanny Rink, Melissa Barkat-Defradas, Moustafa Bensafi, et al.. Imagination et création en cuisine : analyse du discours de cuisiniers français et marocains. Colloque International Le Manger et le Dire. Pour une approche du discours culinaire et gastronomique, Sep 2012, Bruxelles, Belgique. ⟨halshs-00779200⟩
- Caherine Rouby, Moustafa Bensafi, Françoise Dufour, Fanny Rink, Pauline Joussain, et al.. Mental Imaging in Professional perfumers, cooks and musicians: linguistic and EEG studies. International Symposium on Olfaction and Taste (ISOT/ECRO), Jun 2012, Stockholm, Sweden. ⟨halshs-00779179⟩
- Frédérique Gayraud, Clément Thibert, Melissa Barkat-Defradas. Age of Acquisition Affects Word Retrieval in Spontaneous Speech produced by Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Perspectives neuropsycholinguistiques sur l'Aphasie 2013, Jun 2012, Toulouse, France. ⟨halshs-00779151⟩
- Melissa Barkat-Defradas, Frederique Gayraud, Hyeran Lee, Philippe Gambette. Estimation de la neutralité culturelle d'un ensemble d'images destinées à l'évaluation des performances en dénomination. Fédération nationale des Orthophonistes. Colloque international "Perspectives neuropsycholinguistiques sur l'aphasie", Jun 2012, Toulouse, France. L'aphasie chez le bilingue, pp.1-6, 2013. ⟨halshs-00779096⟩
- Melissa Barkat-Defradas, Frédérique Gayraud, Hyeran Lee,, Charlotte Ollagnon, Clémence Bich. Effet de la distance interpersonnelle sur les performances communicatives des patients Alzheimer : Analyse des silences en interaction. Aux Fondements de l'Autonomie - Enquêtes, Pratiques et Epistémologie, Jun 2012, Paris, France. ⟨halshs-00779195⟩
- Frédérique Gayraud, Melissa Barkat-Defradas. Effet du voisinage phonologique sur l'accès lexical dans le discours spontané de patients Alzheimer. 29° Journées d'Etudes sur la Parole (JEP), Jun 2012, Grenoble, France. pp.369-376. ⟨halshs-00779107⟩
- Christelle Dodane, Fabrice Hirsch, Jérémi Sauvage, Melissa Barkat-Defradas. [mdr] Une analyse préliminaire du rire chez des enfants de 18 à 36 mois. Journées d'Etudes sur la Parole - JEP-TALN-RECITAL 2012, Jun 2012, Grenoble, France. pp.537-544. ⟨halshs-00715402⟩
- Jérémi Sauvage, Christelle Dodane, Fabrice Hirsch, Melissa Barkat-Defradas. Réflexions méthodologiques sur l'analyse phonétique d'un corpus longitudinal et transversal en acquisition du langage. Corpora in Linguistics : Journées d'Etude sur le statut et l'utilisation des corpus en linguistique // Workshop On the Status and Use of Corpora in Linguistics, Jun 2012, Montpellier, France. pp.1-20. ⟨halshs-00779444⟩
- Melissa Barkat-Defradas, Françoise Dufour. Opérations de catégorisation : application au domaine olfactif. 13ème Congrès de la Société Internationale d'Ethnobiologie, May 2012, Montpellier, France. pp.1-17. ⟨halshs-00779059⟩
- Sophie David, Melissa Barkat-Defradas, Catherine Rouby. Odeurs et accès au lexique : lexicographie comparée en français et en arabe. 13ème Congrès de la Société Internationale d'Ethnobiologie, May 2012, Montpellier, France. pp.1-17. ⟨halshs-00779054⟩
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