Mélissa Barkat-Defradas
Research Scientist
Surprisingly, the study of language activity has long been conducted without any questioning of its biological function. In fact, the Human and Social Sciences (anthropology, linguistics) have long defended the idea that language appeared without any selective pressure. In this paradigm, the human being - defined as a fundamentally cultural being with few instinctive behaviors - would have "invented" articulated language (as well as writing). In this purely culturalist conception, the question of the raison d'être of language behavior has long been evacuated from scientific investigation in favor of the extensive study of the proximal and sensorimotor mechanisms that underlie it. However, asking the question of the ultimate causes of human language makes it possible to raise original questions and to answer questions that are still pending. My research aims to demonstrate that the synergy of approaches developed in linguistics and evolutionary biology can significantly advance our knowledge of this specifically human faculty. Trained as a linguist, my research interests include:(1) The study of the voice as an honest signal allowing the speaker to display - via certain vocal characteristics - his phenotypic quality and increase his reproductive success(2) The study of linguistic and genetic proximity. Following the work initially led by the geneticist L. Cavalli-Sforza, I study the genetic diversity of Arab populations in order to better understand the linguistic variability of the Arabic-speaking domain.(3) The study of the role of the family in the transmission of socially valued linguistic forms, which posits that language skills - different according to the social affiliation of individuals - participate in the social structuring of human populations.129 documents
- Melissa Barkat-Defradas, Elisabeth Motte-Florac. Atlas Multimédia des Parlers Arabes Modernes : " les Plantes aromatiques dans l'environnement arabophone. Centre d'Études Linguistiques de Lyon. Mémoires du terrain : enquêtes, matériaux, traitement des données, Centre d'Études Linguistiques de Lyon, pp.1-18, 2013. ⟨halshs-00779204⟩
- Françoise Dufour, Melissa Barkat-Defradas, Fanny Rinck, Catherine Rouby. Imagination et création en cuisine gastronomique. Une analyse des discours de chefs cuisiniers français et marocains. Degrés : revue de synthèse à orientation sémiologique, 2013, 154-155, pp.112-125. ⟨halshs-01002573⟩
- Jeanne-Marie Barbéris, Melissa Barkat-Defradas. La parole chansonnière, de Montmartre à Montmertre : le rôle des cabarets dans une mode langagière fin de siècle. Champion. Modes langagières dans l'histoire, Champion, sous presse, 2013. ⟨hal-00779464⟩
- Elisabeth Motte-Florac, Melissa Barkat-Defradas. Quel langage pour un imaginaire des sens ? Les onomatopées du dégoût (Sud de la France et Maghreb). Gélard, Marie-Luce. Corps sensibles. Usages et langages des sens, Presses Universitaires de Nancy, pp.139-179, 2013, Épistémologie du corps. ⟨hal-00807971⟩
- Melissa Barkat-Defradas, Frédérique Gayraud. Bilinguisme et maladie d'Alzheimer. Rééducation orthophonique, 2013, Les pathologies acquises du langage chez le patient bi- ou multilingue (253), pp.31-52. ⟨halshs-00779467⟩
- Melissa Barkat-Defradas, Françoise Dufour. Usages et fonctions des formes transsémiotiques dans des discours sur la création artistique. Comment parler de l'Art ? Approches discursive et sémiotique, Editions du CNRS, sous presse, 2013, Alpha. ⟨hal-00779480⟩
- Salomé Hugh, Frédérique Gayraud, Melissa Barkat-Defradas. The use of pronouns in probable Alzheimer's patients' spontaneous speech. Colloque de logopédie 2012 : " La parole reprise : formes, processus et fonctions ", Nov 2012, Neuchatel, Switzerland. ⟨halshs-00779402⟩
- Christelle Dodane, Jérémi Sauvage, Fabrice Hirsch, Melissa Barkat-Defradas. Is children's laughter related to their language development. Interdisciplinary Workshop on Laughter and other Non-Verbal Vocalisations in Speech, Oct 2012, Dublin, Ireland. ⟨halshs-00779408⟩
- Catherine Rouby, Moustafa Bensafi, Françoise Dufour, Fanny Rinck, Pauline Joussain, et al.. L'imagination des créateurs en cuisine, parfumerie et musique : analyse du discours et du fonctionnement cérébral. La création : acteurs, objets, contextes, Oct 2012, France. ⟨halshs-00745379⟩
- Hyeran Lee, Melissa Barkat-Defradas, Laurent Lefebvre. Vieillissement normal et pathologique du langage : analyse du lexique dans le discours oral spontané.. XIème Colloque International sur le Vieillissement Cognitif (JEV 2010), Sep 2012, Mons, Belgique. ⟨halshs-00778728⟩
Documents retrieved from the HAL open archive
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