Matrilineal kinship, which traces descent through the maternal line, has been shown to benefit the health of both women and children. However, the specific mechanisms by which matrilineality improves health outcomes in women remain poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed 2015 Demographic and Health Survey data from Meghalaya, India (4,109 women, 809 men, 3,197 children), a region where matrilineal and non-matrilineal communities coexist, with a mixed mix of post-marital residences and inheritance patterns...