The evolutionary approach, and in particular the consideration of natural selection processes and evolutionary trade-offs, has led to numerous applications in medicine, and can open up many avenues to current healthcare challenges. Of all the research avenues developed to try and understand cancers, it is currently among the most promising. The evolutionary approach has also improved our understanding of diseases resulting from societal and environmental changes. In particular, it has led to numerous advances in the field of autoimmune, inflammatory and allergic diseases. In addition, evolutionary thinking has established the link between the obesity epidemic and modern practices such as Caesarean sections and formula feeding. Finally, investigations into local adaptations and the adaptive specificities of women promise multiple applications for the development of individualized medicine.
Medicine and Public Health
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