The evolutionary approach, and in particular the consideration of natural selection processes and evolutionary trade-offs, has led to multiple applications in medicine, and can open up many avenues to current health issues. Among all the research avenues developed to try to understand cancers, it is currently among the most promising. The evolutionary approach has also led to an improved understanding of diseases resulting from societal and environmental changes. In particular, it has led to numerous advances in the field of autoimmune, inflammatory and allergic diseases. In addition, evolutionary thinking has linked the obesity epidemic to modern practices such as caesarean sections and formula feeding. Finally, investigations into local adaptations and adaptive specificities of women promise multiple applications for the development of individualized medicine.
Medicine and Public Health
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